British Columbia CDL Study Guide 2026 — Free Cheat Sheet

You must take knowledge tests whenever you apply for a new licence. All tests are conducted only in English, must be completed without assistance, and are multiple choice. One test is a traffic signs test. Answers to all knowledge test questions are found in the study guide.

• ✓All knowledge tests are conducted only in English and must be completed without assistance
• ✓Knowledge tests are all multiple choice
• ✓A traffic signs test is one of the required knowledge tests

After passing your licensing tests, you'll receive a Driver's Medical Examination Report form. Take it to a B.C.-licensed physician who knows your medical history. The doctor completes and sends it to RoadSafetyBC, which determines fitness to drive commercial vehicles. Your photo licence arrives by mail once medical fitness is confirmed.

• ✓The medical form must be completed by a B.C.-licensed physician familiar with your medical history
• ✓RoadSafetyBC determines whether you are fit to drive commercial vehicles
• ✓The doctor's fee for the routine medical form is not covered by MSP, ICBC, or RoadSafetyBC

Certain commercial vehicles are legally required to carry firefighting equipment.

• ✓One fire extinguisher must be carried on limited passenger vehicles with authorized seating capacity of more than 10, all public passenger vehicles, and all school buses
• ✓School bus fire extinguishers must meet Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard D250
• ✓Vehicles transporting explosives must carry two fire extinguishers

Fires can start from smoking, tire heat, and dragging brakes. Drivers must take proactive steps to prevent vehicle fires.

• ✓Don't smoke in garages or near fuelling areas, and never throw cigarette butts out cab windows as they could blow back into tarps or loads
• ✓Check tire pressure often — soft tires build heat and can cause fire; if a tire was soft or flat, ensure it is cool before moving again
• ✓Ensure all brakes including the parking brake are fully released when moving, as dragging brakes generate heat that can ignite grease in the hubs
• ✓A peace officer may order your vehicle out of service until a fuel leak is repaired

Fighting a fire requires quick thinking and fast action. Check firefighting equipment daily and know how to use it.

• ✓Don't risk your own life — fuel fires can spread quickly or explode; tell the first spectator to call the fire department
• ✓If a fire is on a combination unit, disconnect the tractor from the trailer only if it doesn't put you in danger
• ✓Fight fires with the wind at your back to reduce chances of being asphyxiated
• ✓If a fire starts under the hood, direct the extinguisher from underneath or through the radiator — don't open the hood
• ✓Don't use water on gasoline or oil fires — it spreads them; use an appropriate extinguisher, sand or dirt

There are two main categories: multi-purpose dry chemical extinguishers and carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers.

• ✓A BC-marked dry chemical extinguisher puts out grease, oil, gasoline and electrical fires; an ABC-marked one also puts out Class A fires like paper and cloth
• ✓CO2 extinguishers are extremely effective but must never be used in an enclosed space as you could smother yourself or blister your skin
• ✓Keep some extinguishing fuel in reserve in case of flare-ups

Before coupling a truck and trailer with a pintle hitch, set truck parking brakes, exit the cab and inspect key components. Check the pintle hook and latch for cracks and wear, verify spring brakes have applied (if equipped), block trailer wheels, secure cargo, and check the pintle eye for cracks or excessive wear.

• ✓Set truck parking brakes and exit cab before inspecting the pintle hitch
• ✓Check pintle hook and latch for cracks and wear, and check pintle eye for cracks or excessive wear
• ✓Block trailer wheels and ensure spring brakes have applied before coupling

Position the truck directly in line with the trailer, not on an angle. Use outside mirrors to check alignment — if lined up, you should see an equal portion of each side of the trailer in each mirror. Back up slowly using four-way flashers and horn, stopping just before the pintle hook touches the pintle eye. Place a wood block or marker beside a truck tire visible in your mirrors to gauge accuracy.

• ✓Turn on four-way flashers and sound horn before backing up
• ✓When lined up, you should see an equal portion of each side of the trailer in each mirror
• ✓Back slowly and stop just before the pintle hook touches the trailer pintle eye

Apply the trailer brakes before coupling. For trailers with spring brakes, ensure they have applied. For trailers without spring brakes, connect the air lines, charge the trailer air system, then apply the trailer brakes before connecting.

• ✓Apply trailer brakes before coupling to the trailer
• ✓For trailers without spring brakes, connect air lines and charge the system before applying brakes

Set truck parking brakes, turn on lights, exit cab. Lower the pintle eye onto the pintle hook and close the safety latch. Attach safety cables and/or chains, raise the drawbar support leg, connect air lines, electrical cable and hydraulic lines, and remove wheel blocks. Verify the eye is secured, latch locked, cables in place, support leg retracted, and all lines securely connected.

• ✓Close the pintle hook safety latch and attach safety cables/chains between truck and trailer
• ✓Adjust drawbar height so pintle eye is slightly higher than pintle hook before connecting
• ✓Verify trailer lights (tail, brake, licence plate, clearance) to confirm electrical connection is secure

Before pulling away, charge the trailer braking system, raise trailer air suspension if lowered, pressurize the ram if equipped, and check for air leakage. Confirm truck and trailer are lined up and ground is level. Release brakes, pull away slowly, and apply the trailer hand valve at low speed to test service brake operation and connection security. A trip inspection report is required for every new trailer picked up each day.

• ✓Check for air leakage in the air brake system before pulling away
• ✓At slow speed apply the trailer hand valve to test service brakes and connection security
• ✓A trip inspection report is required for every new trailer picked up each day
• ✓Crossed air lines are indicated if trailer brakes don't release when charging the system

Position the truck directly in line with the trailer. Set truck and trailer brakes, release ram pressure, exit cab and block trailer wheels. Disconnect air/electrical/hydraulic lines, safety cables/chains and safety pin, release the pintle hook latch, lower the drawbar landing leg, and raise the drawbar so the pintle eye clears the hook. Ensure trailer is level and supported, then pull away slowly until completely clear.

• ✓Set truck and trailer brakes and block trailer wheels before uncoupling
• ✓Fasten disconnected air lines to dead-end (dummy) connectors to prevent dirt and chafing
• ✓Ensure trailer is level and support the drawbar after uncoupling if needed
• ✓Confirm in mirrors that the pintle connection is disconnected before pulling away

Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes: explosives (Class 1), gases (Class 2 including flammable, compressed and toxic gas), flammable liquids (Class 3), flammable solids (Class 4 including spontaneous combustion and dangerous when wet), oxidizing substances and organic peroxides (Class 5), poisonous and infectious substances (Class 6), radioactive materials (Class 7), corrosive substances (Class 8), and miscellaneous products or substances (Class 9). Placards appear on both sides and both ends of transport trucks.

• ✓There are nine classes of dangerous goods
• ✓Placards must appear on both sides and both ends of transport trucks
• ✓Class 4.3 designates goods that are dangerous when wet; Class 4.2 designates spontaneous combustion

If you work with dangerous goods, your current employer must certify that you've had appropriate training. You must always carry your training certificate with you when transporting dangerous goods.

• ✓Your current employer must certify you have appropriate training
• ✓Always carry your training certificate when transporting dangerous goods

Report immediately any incident involving dangerous goods such as spills, leaks, fires, explosions or damaged containers to the nearest police agency or the Provincial Emergency Program. Rapid action may prevent an incident from becoming serious. In B.C. call local police or the Provincial Emergency Program at 1-800-663-3456.

• ✓Report any dangerous goods incident immediately to police or the Provincial Emergency Program
• ✓In B.C. call 1-800-663-3456 for dangerous goods incidents

Signs designate roads where vehicles transporting dangerous goods may or may not travel. Obey these signs when carrying dangerous goods.

• ✓Some signs designate roads where dangerous goods vehicles may travel
• ✓Other signs designate roads where dangerous goods vehicles cannot travel

The National Safety Code (NSC) sets minimum safety standards for commercial vehicles, drivers and carriers operating in Canada. Carriers must ensure their drivers and vehicles meet these standards. NSC applies to anyone driving a motor vehicle used to transport people or freight for a business purpose. In B.C., these rules are found in Division 37 of the Motor Vehicle Act Regulations.

• ✓NSC applies to commercial vehicles licensed with a GVW more than 5,000 kg
• ✓NSC applies to vehicles operating under the Passenger Transportation Act (taxis, buses, limousines)
• ✓NSC applies to commercial vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or more passengers plus the driver

On-duty time begins when you start work or when a carrier requires you to be ready to start work, and ends when you stop work. You are on duty when driving or performing related activities.

• ✓On-duty time includes inspecting, servicing, repairing, conditioning or starting a commercial vehicle
• ✓On-duty time includes loading/unloading, inspecting the load, and waiting at customs, weigh scales or for a peace officer
• ✓Travelling as a passenger to a driving destination is on-duty if the carrier requests the trip AND you did not have 8 consecutive hours off-duty immediately before
• ✓Ferry time is not on-duty unless you are working (e.g., a bus driver selling tickets)

Off-duty time is any time you are not on duty, including time spent in a sleeper berth. Off-duty regulations protect you and everyone sharing the road. Drivers must take mandatory daily and periodic off-duty time.

• ✓All drivers must take a minimum of 10 hours off duty every day
• ✓Off-duty time beyond the mandatory 8 consecutive hours may be split into blocks of 30 minutes or more
• ✓Daily off-duty time must include at least 2 hours that are not part of an 8 consecutive hour off-duty period
• ✓All drivers must take 24 consecutive hours off duty every 14 days

A 'day' is a 24-hour period beginning at the hour designated by the carrier. Each day is independent with its own limits. A simple three-point check for daily compliance is: off duty over 10, driving under 13, no driving after 14 hours on duty.

• ✓A minimum of 10 hours off-duty must be taken every day
• ✓You may drive a maximum of 13 hours in a day
• ✓You are not allowed to drive after 14 hours on duty in a day

A work shift is the elapsed time between two off-duty periods of at least eight consecutive hours. You cannot drive after 16 hours of elapsed time until you take at least 8 consecutive hours off-duty. Every off-duty period of 8 consecutive hours or more resets the work shift.

• ✓You cannot drive after 16 hours of elapsed time in a work shift
• ✓At least 8 consecutive hours off-duty resets the work shift
• ✓You can put in 14 hours of on-duty time without doing any driving

Drivers must track time using one of two cycles, each with a maximum number of on-duty hours. The start time remains the same throughout a cycle and must be 'reset' to change.

• ✓Cycle 1: must not drive after completing 70 on-duty hours in 7 days
• ✓Cycle 2: must not drive after 120 on-duty hours in 14 days, and must take 24 consecutive hours off duty prior to accumulating 70 on-duty hours
• ✓The start time remains the same throughout each cycle unless the cycle is reset

The National Safety Code (NSC) sets out minimum safety standards for commercial vehicles, drivers and carriers operating in Canada. Carriers are responsible for ensuring their drivers and vehicles meet these standards. In B.C., the NSC is applied through Division 37 of the Motor Vehicle Act Regulations.

• ✓NSC applies if you drive a motor vehicle used to transport people or freight for any business purpose
• ✓NSC includes commercial vehicles licensed with GVW over 5,000 kg
• ✓NSC includes vehicles under the Passenger Transportation Act (taxis, buses, limousines)
• ✓NSC includes commercial vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or more passengers plus driver

A 'day' is a 24-hour period that begins at the hour designated by the carrier. Each day has specific on-duty, off-duty and driving limits that must be observed.

• ✓A minimum of 10 hours off-duty time must be taken every day
• ✓You may drive a maximum of 13 hours in a day
• ✓You may not drive after 14 hours on duty in a day
• ✓You can put in 14 hours of on-duty time without doing any driving

A work shift is the elapsed time between two off-duty periods of at least eight consecutive hours. Every off-duty period of 8 consecutive hours or more resets the work shift.

• ✓You may not drive after 16 hours of elapsed time until you take at least 8 consecutive hours off duty
• ✓Every off-duty period of 8 consecutive hours or more resets the work shift

You must track your time using one of two cycles, each with a maximum number of on-duty hours. The start time remains the same throughout each cycle and you must reset the cycle to change the start time.

• ✓Cycle 1: must not drive after completing 70 on-duty hours in 7 days
• ✓Cycle 2: must not drive after completing 120 hours in 14 days, and must take at least 24 consecutive hours off duty before accumulating 70 on-duty hours
• ✓The start time remains the same throughout each cycle unless you reset

You can reset a cycle at any time by taking a required amount of consecutive off-duty time, which allows you to change your start time and restart your on-duty hour accumulation.

• ✓Take 36 consecutive hours off duty to reset Cycle 1
• ✓Take 72 consecutive hours off duty to reset Cycle 2

You must keep your RODS current and carry copies for a set period, and submit them to your carrier within a required timeframe. Peace officers may request to see them.

• ✓Keep RODS updated to your last change in duty status
• ✓Carry copies of RODS for the present day and previous 14 days (24 days for oilwell service vehicle hours)
• ✓Submit your RODS and all supporting records to your carrier within 20 days
• ✓Present RODS and supporting records (bills of lading, shipping documents, fuel/accommodation receipts) when asked by a peace officer

Hours of service regulations are designed to limit the time a driver can spend driving because statistics show that fatigued drivers are more likely to be in a crash. These rules have been in effect since the 1980s and were revised to reduce fatigue-related crashes by giving drivers more opportunity for additional rest.

• ✓Hours of service rules limit driving time to reduce driver fatigue
• ✓Fatigued drivers are statistically more likely to be involved in a crash

You may reduce your 10-hour daily off-duty requirement by up to two hours under specific conditions. This is called deferring off-duty time and must be clearly documented.

• ✓The 2 deferred hours must not be part of your 8 consecutive off-duty hours
• ✓The 2 deferred hours must be added to the 8 consecutive off-duty hours taken the next day
• ✓You must clearly indicate deferral 'Day 1' and 'Day 2' on your RODS
• ✓On Day 2 you must still have the 2 off-duty hours that are not part of the mandatory 8-hour block

You can reset a cycle at any time by taking a required number of consecutive off-duty hours. Resetting changes the cycle start time and clears accumulated hours.

• ✓Take 36 consecutive hours off duty to reset Cycle 1
• ✓Take 72 consecutive hours off duty to reset Cycle 2

The same driving and on-duty rules apply to sleeper berth drivers, but off-duty time may be split. A sleeper berth does not include the back seat of a bus or a reclining seat, so napping in a reclining seat cannot be recorded as sleeper berth time.

• ✓Single drivers may split off-duty into two periods if neither is less than 2 hours and total is at least 10 hours
• ✓Team drivers may split off-duty into two periods if neither is less than 4 hours, the two total at least 8 hours, and total off-duty is at least 10 hours
• ✓A sleeper berth does not include the back seat of a bus or a reclining seat

Driving a commercial vehicle for personal use is not on-duty time if strict conditions are met, allowing limited personal travel without counting toward hours of service.

• ✓Vehicle must not be used in the carrier's business, must be unloaded and not towing a trailer
• ✓Vehicle may be driven a maximum of 75 km per day for personal use
• ✓Odometer readings must be recorded in RODS and you must not be under an out-of-service declaration

As of August 1, 2023, ELDs are required. An ELD automatically records driving time (which may not be shortened), facilitates recording the record of duty status, and must be certified and comply with the Technical Standard. Carriers must ensure ELDs are installed, mounted visibly, and in good working order.

• ✓ELDs are required as of August 1, 2023 unless otherwise exempted
• ✓A driver must not use more than one ELD at the same time for the same period
• ✓The ELD must be mounted in a fixed position visible to the driver in the normal driving position
• ✓If an ELD malfunctions, the driver must notify the carrier as soon as the vehicle is parked and may use an alternate RODS; the carrier must repair or replace it within 14 days

RODS record hours of on-duty, driving and off-duty time. They must contain complete identifying and timing information, and totals for each duty status must equal 24 hours.

• ✓RODS must include date, start time, driver name and signature, odometer readings, distance driven, and plate/unit number
• ✓Total hours in each duty status (on-duty, off-duty, driving, sleeper berth) must equal 24 hours
• ✓Deferral of off-duty time must be declared in the Remarks section indicating 'Day 1' or 'Day 2'

Drivers must keep current and recent RODS in their possession and submit them to the carrier within a set time. Peace officers may inspect RODS and supporting records.

• ✓Keep RODS updated to your last change in duty status and copies for the present day plus previous 14 days (24 days for oilwell service vehicle hours)
• ✓Submit RODS and all supporting records to your carrier within 20 days
• ✓Present RODS and supporting records (bills of lading, shipping documents, fuel and accommodation receipts) to a peace officer when asked

A peace officer can order you out of service if you drive after reaching the maximum on-duty hours for your cycle. Only you, not the vehicle, are placed out of service.

• ✓A peace officer can declare you out of service for exceeding maximum on-duty hours
• ✓When declared out of service, only the driver is out of service, not the vehicle

Drivers operating within 160 km of the home terminal may be exempt from keeping RODS and using an ELD if they meet conditions, but the carrier must maintain daily records.

• ✓Driver must operate within a 160 km radius of the home terminal and take 10 hours off-duty in a day
• ✓Driver must return to the home terminal each day to begin at least 10 consecutive hours off-duty, and off-duty cannot be deferred
• ✓The carrier must keep records of report time, release time, total on-duty hours and cycle for a minimum of 6 months

All air brake-equipped vehicles have at least one air pressure gauge on the instrument panel to indicate service reservoir pressure. Many vehicles use a single gauge with two needles showing primary and secondary reservoir pressures. Gauges must be monitored while driving and during pre-trip inspection.

• ✓All air brake-equipped vehicles must have at least one air pressure gauge on the instrument panel
• ✓Check gauges frequently to ensure enough air pressure to apply the brakes
• ✓A dual-needle gauge shows both primary and secondary reservoir pressures

All air brake-equipped vehicles must have a low-air warning device that activates when air pressure drops to a dangerous level. This must come on when pressure drops below 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa). Warning may be a dashboard light, buzzer, or wig-wag. When it activates, stop and find the cause of the air loss.

• ✓The low-air warning device must activate when air pressure drops below 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa)
• ✓If the low-air warning comes on, pull over and stop and do not proceed until the cause is found and the system is deemed safe
• ✓Approximately 60 p.s.i. remaining is enough to stop the vehicle if you act promptly

Compressed air from the compressor contains contaminants including water vapour, oil mist and carbon particles. Most contaminants settle in the supply reservoir. Primary and secondary reservoirs supply cleaner air to all air brake components except the governor valve.

• ✓Most contaminants (water, oil mist, carbon) settle in the supply reservoir
• ✓All air brake components except the governor valve are supplied with cleaner air from the primary and secondary reservoirs
• ✓Some reservoirs have more than one compartment and more than one drain cock

Commercial drivers must complete medical exams on a regular schedule and take the Driver's Medical Examination Report form to a B.C.-licensed physician who knows their medical history. The doctor completes and sends the form to RoadSafetyBC, which determines fitness to drive commercial vehicles. The doctor's fee is not covered by MSP, ICBC or RoadSafetyBC.

• ✓A B.C.-licensed physician who knows your medical history must complete the Driver's Medical Examination Report form
• ✓RoadSafetyBC determines whether you're fit to drive commercial vehicles
• ✓The doctor's fee for the routine medical report is not covered by MSP, ICBC or RoadSafetyBC
• ✓Your driver's licence may be cancelled if you don't submit the medical form

All road tests consist of a pre-trip inspection, an air brake pre-trip inspection (if equipped with air brakes), and a road test. You must demonstrate pre-trip inspection including written report, basic vehicle control skills, and handling in traffic. A Class 1 road test takes about two hours; Class 2, 3, 4 and heavy trailer endorsement tests take less than two hours. Arrive at least 15 minutes early.

• ✓All road tests include a pre-trip inspection and a road test
• ✓Air brake pre-trip inspection required if vehicle is equipped with air brakes
• ✓A Class 1 road test takes about two hours
• ✓Arrive at least 15 minutes early for your road test
• ✓A fee applies if you don't provide 48 hours notice or valid reason for missing a road test

The National Safety Code requires most commercial drivers to complete trip inspections. Class 1, 2, 3, 4 licences, heavy trailer, house trailer or air brake endorsements require a pre-trip inspection. Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 unrestricted licences also require a written trip inspection report. Pre-trip inspections must always be done before the first run of the day.

• ✓Pre-trip inspections must always be done before the first run of the day
• ✓Class 1, 2, 3, 4 unrestricted licences require a written trip inspection report
• ✓Vehicles with manual slack adjusters require a brake adjustment as part of the test
• ✓Tell the examiner what you're checking for and how you know each part is in good working order

You must provide an appropriate vehicle representative of the licence class. Class 4 restricted: any car/pickup. Class 4 unrestricted: van/small school bus seating 11+ adults. Class 3: large tandem/tridem rear axle truck. Class 2: bus seating 36+ adults. Class 1: loaded tandem/tridem tractor-trailer with air brakes, on-road loaded weight at least 28,000 kg, semi-trailer at least 13 metres (7.5m if pintle hitch).

• ✓Class 1 requires loaded tractor-trailer with air brakes, on-road weight at least 28,000 kg
• ✓Class 1 semi-trailer must be at least 13 metres (7.5 metres if pintle hitch trailer)
• ✓Class 2 requires a bus seating at least 36 adults
• ✓Class 4 unrestricted requires van/small school bus seating at least 11 adults
• ✓Heavy trailer endorsement (code 20) requires truck and trailer without air brakes weighing at least 4,600 kg

An air brake course is highly recommended. A certified course includes 7 hours classroom theory plus 4 hours practical training on air brake pre-trip inspection; passing the provider's assessment may exempt you from the ICBC pre-trip inspection test. A non-certified course includes 7 hours classroom theory only. Even if exempt from the course, you must pass the air brake knowledge test and pre-trip inspection test.

• ✓A certified air brake course includes 7 hours classroom theory and 4 hours practical training
• ✓A non-certified course includes 7 hours classroom theory only
• ✓You must pass the air brake knowledge test and pre-trip inspection test even if exempt from the course
• ✓To take a road test in an air-brake vehicle, you need the endorsement or an approved course with passed knowledge test

ABS does not allow you to drive faster or stop sooner. On some surfaces such as gravel, braking distance with ABS may actually be longer. ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up on slippery surfaces so you can brake hard without skidding and losing steering control, and it may help prevent jackknifing. ABS is only as good as the driver's technique.

• ✓ABS does not shorten stopping distance and may increase braking distance on gravel
• ✓ABS prevents wheel lock-up so you can brake hard without losing steering control
• ✓Read the manufacturer's manual to learn to use ABS properly

When making an emergency stop with ABS, apply firm, hard, continuous pressure to the brake pedal until the vehicle stops. Do not pump the brakes, as this turns the system on and off. Brake noise, pedal movement or shudder is normal — keep applying firm pressure. Be extremely cautious when steering around obstacles.

• ✓Apply firm, hard, continuous brake pressure until stopped — do not pump the brakes
• ✓Do not be alarmed by brake noise, pedal movement or shudder; keep applying firm pressure
• ✓Steering and handling are affected by vehicle size, load and any trailer being towed

A full jackknife occurs when a tractor and trailer form an angle of 90 degrees or less relative to one another. This can happen even at very low speeds. Jackknifing is often caused by poor braking techniques, including improper use of retarders.

• ✓A full jackknife is when the tractor and trailer form an angle of 90 degrees or less
• ✓Jackknifing can occur even at very low speeds
• ✓Poor braking technique and improper retarder use cause jackknifing

Certain commercial vehicles are legally required to carry firefighting equipment. School bus extinguishers must meet Canadian Standard Association (CSA) Standard D250. You must be properly trained before carrying any dangerous goods.

• ✓One fire extinguisher must be carried on limited passenger vehicles with an authorized seating capacity of more than 10, all public passenger vehicles, and all school buses
• ✓School bus fire extinguishers must meet CSA Standard D250
• ✓Vehicles transporting explosives must carry two fire extinguishers

Before coupling a truck and trailer with a pintle hitch, you must set the truck parking brakes, exit the cab, and inspect key components. Check the pintle hook and latch for cracks and wear, verify trailer spring brakes have applied, block the trailer wheels, ensure cargo is secure, and check the pintle eye for cracks or excessive wear. The area around the trailer must be clear.

• ✓Check pintle hook and latch for cracks and wear before coupling
• ✓Verify spring brakes have applied and block trailer wheels
• ✓Check pintle eye for cracks or excessive wear
• ✓Apply trailer brakes before coupling to the trailer

Position the truck directly in front of and in line with the trailer, not at an angle. Use outside mirrors to check alignment — if lined up you should see an equal portion of each side of the trailer in each mirror. Turn on four-way flashers and sound the horn before backing. Back up slowly and stop just before the pintle hook touches the trailer pintle eye. Placing a block of wood beside a truck tire visible in mirrors helps gauge positioning accuracy.

• ✓Truck must be in line with trailer, not on an angle
• ✓Turn on four-way flashers and sound horn before backing
• ✓Back up slowly and stop just before pintle hook touches pintle eye
• ✓Use mirrors — equal portion of each trailer side visible means alignment is correct

Adjust drawbar height so the pintle eye is just slightly higher than the pintle hook. Back up so the pintle eye is directly over the pintle hook, then lower the pintle eye onto the hook and close the safety latch. Attach safety cables/chains, raise the drawbar support leg, connect air lines, electrical cable and hydraulic lines, and remove wheel blocks. Verify all connections are secure and check trailer lights.

• ✓Adjust drawbar so pintle eye is slightly higher than pintle hook
• ✓Close pintle hook safety latch after lowering eye onto hook
• ✓Attach safety cables and/or chains and raise drawbar support leg
• ✓Check trailer lights: tail, brake, licence plate and clearance lights

After coupling, re-enter the cab, charge the trailer braking system, raise trailer air suspension if lowered, and pressurize the air or hydraulic ram if equipped. If trailer brakes don't release when charged, air lines may be crossed. Check for air leakage, confirm pintle eye is securely held, and confirm alignment. At slow speed, apply the trailer hand valve to test service brakes and confirm the connection is secure. A trip inspection report is required for every new trailer picked up each day.

• ✓If trailer brakes don't release when charged, air lines may be crossed
• ✓Check for air brake leakage before pulling away
• ✓Test trailer service brakes at slow speed using the hand valve
• ✓Complete a trip inspection report for every new trailer picked up daily

To uncouple, position the truck directly in line with the trailer, set both truck and trailer brakes, release ram pressure, and block the trailer wheels. Disconnect air lines, electrical cable and hydraulic lines, then safety cables/chains and safety pin, release the pintle hook safety latch, lower the drawbar landing leg, and raise the drawbar so the pintle eye clears the hook. Ensure the trailer is level and supported. Fasten disconnected lines to dead-end (dummy) connectors to prevent dirt entry and chafing.

• ✓Set both truck and trailer brakes and block trailer wheels before uncoupling
• ✓Disconnect lines, then safety cables/chains before releasing the latch
• ✓Ensure trailer is level and support the drawbar after uncoupling
• ✓Fasten disconnected air lines to dead-end connectors to prevent debris and chafing

Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes, each identified by placards displayed on the sides and both ends of transport trucks. The classes are: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, poisonous and infectious substances, radioactive materials, corrosive substances and miscellaneous products or substances.

• ✓There are nine classes of dangerous goods, including explosives (Class 1), gases (Class 2), flammable liquids (Class 3), flammable solids (Class 4), oxidizing substances/organic peroxides (Class 5), toxic/infectious substances (Class 6), radioactive (Class 7), corrosive (Class 8), and miscellaneous (Class 9)
• ✓Placards may appear on the sides and both ends of transport trucks
• ✓Class 4.3 indicates goods that are dangerous when wet

Anyone working with dangerous goods must have appropriate training certified by their current employer. The training certificate must be carried with you at all times when transporting dangerous goods.

• ✓Your current employer must certify that you have had appropriate training to work with dangerous goods
• ✓Always carry your training certificate with you when transporting dangerous goods

Any incident involving dangerous goods such as spills, leaks, fires, explosions or damaged containers must be reported immediately to the nearest police agency or the Provincial Emergency Program. Rapid action may prevent an incident from becoming serious.

• ✓Report immediately any incident involving dangerous goods in B.C. by calling local police or the Provincial Emergency Program at 1-800-663-3456
• ✓Report spills, leaks, fires, explosions or damaged containers to the nearest police agency

One-way check valves allow air to flow from the supply reservoir to the primary and secondary reservoirs in one direction only. This prevents the air supply in the primary and secondary reservoirs from flowing backward and being lost if there is a failure in the air compressor, discharge line, or supply reservoir.

• ✓Allows air to flow in one direction only
• ✓Prevents loss of primary/secondary reservoir air if there's a failure in the compressor, discharge line, or supply reservoir

All air brake-equipped vehicles must have a warning device to indicate if pressure drops to a dangerous level. This can occur from an air leak or repeated brake applications used faster than the compressor can replenish. The device is typically a dashboard light and/or buzzer; older vehicles may use a wig-wag that drops into view.

• ✓The low-air warning device must activate when air pressure drops below 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa)
• ✓When the warning activates, stop the vehicle and find the cause of the air loss before proceeding

Parking brake control valves and trailer supply valves remain open with as little as 20 p.s.i. (138 kPa) system pressure, yet spring brakes may be partially or fully applied. To check brake adjustment accurately, system air pressure must be sufficient and all parking brakes released.

• ✓Ensure system air pressure is at least 90 to 100 p.s.i. (620 to 690 kPa) before checking brake adjustment
• ✓Confirm all parking brakes are released before checking brake adjustment
• ✓Valves may stay open at 20 p.s.i. even though spring brakes are applied

During the Class 3 pre-trip inspection, verify that the low-air warning device activates at or above 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa). Pump the air pressure down below 50 p.s.i. (345 kPa), then rebuild pressure to confirm the compressor and governor operate correctly. On some systems, one service reservoir fills first (to about 85-95 p.s.i./586-655 kPa), then the second fills. Regardless of system type, pressure must build from 50 to 90 p.s.i. within three minutes.

• ✓Low-air warning device must activate at or above 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa)
• ✓Air pressure must build from 50 to 90 p.s.i. (345 to 620 kPa) within three minutes at fast idle (1,000-1,200 r.p.m.)
• ✓Pump down below 50 p.s.i. before rebuilding to test the compressor

Leave the cab and inspect the left, rear, and right sides plus the underside. Check mirrors, steps/hand rails, fuel tanks and caps, exhaust system (no leaks, shields secure), battery compartments (secure, no corrosion or leaks), storage compartments, body and frame for damage, load security devices, suspension, tires/wheels/mud flaps, cab protector, cargo doors/lift/tailgate, foundation brakes, axle assembly, and drive line (u-joints for free play, no leaks). Check for a valid CVIP inspection decal.

• ✓Inspect brakes, axle assembly, drive line, frame, suspension and tires/wheels on all sides and underside
• ✓Verify load is secured with adequate, tight load security devices
• ✓Check exhaust, fuel tanks, batteries and storage compartments are secure with no leaks

After returning to the cab, ensure air pressure is at least 100 p.s.i. (690 kPa) and parking brakes released. Make a full brake application (90 to 100 p.s.i.) and hold for one minute. After the initial pressure drop, air loss must not exceed three p.s.i. (20.7 kPa) per minute and there must be no audible leaks. Check for air leakage with the engine off so you can listen for leaks.

• ✓Air pressure must be at least 100 p.s.i. (690 kPa) before the test
• ✓After initial drop, air loss must not exceed 3 p.s.i. (20.7 kPa) per minute with a full application held one minute
• ✓There must be no audible air leaks

With the transmission in neutral and engine started, ensure air pressure is in operating range. In low gear, gently tug against the parking brakes — they should prevent movement. Release all brakes, move ahead slowly, and apply the foot brake to check brake response. Move the steering wheel to check for excessive slack or lash. Ensure spring brakes are released before making heavy applications to avoid compounding.

• ✓Parking brakes must prevent the vehicle from moving during a gentle tug test in low gear
• ✓Foot brake response must be checked by moving ahead slowly
• ✓Steering wheel must be checked for excessive slack/lash and spring brakes released before heavy applications

An industrial (off-highway) air brake endorsement permits operating unlicensed vehicles equipped with air brakes used to transport natural resources on industrial roads. Code 18 covers unlicensed single-unit vehicles; Code 19 covers single-unit or combination vehicles. The endorsement appears in the 'restrictions' section of your licence.

• ✓Code 18 permits operating an unlicensed single-unit vehicle with air brakes on industrial roads
• ✓Code 19 permits operating an unlicensed single-unit OR combination vehicle with air brakes on industrial roads
• ✓You do NOT need an industrial endorsement to operate skidders, loaders, graders or yarders

You must determine your vehicle is in safe operating condition before driving. Perform a pre-trip inspection daily before placing the vehicle in service and keep an up-to-date maintenance logbook. Report any defects to the proper company authority and never operate an unsafe vehicle.

• ✓Perform a pre-trip inspection daily before placing the vehicle in service
• ✓Keep an up-to-date maintenance logbook
• ✓Report defects to the proper company authority and do not operate an unsafe vehicle

Industrial roads rarely have runaway lanes, so brakes must be in good condition. Test brakes before transporting any load and make a rolling brake test before descending steep hills. If brakes aren't safe, stop in a safe place, park and secure the vehicle, and don't drive until repaired.

• ✓Test the brakes before transporting any load
• ✓Make a rolling brake test before taking a loaded vehicle down steep hills
• ✓If brakes are not operating safely, stop, park securely and do not drive until repaired

Use a turnout on a narrow road to give right-of-way to a loaded truck. Give right-of-way to a loaded truck coming down a steep hill. Drivers generally follow the rules of the road set out in the Motor Vehicle Act, with applicable sections determined by the Industrial Roads Act.

• ✓Use a turnout to give right-of-way to a loaded truck on a narrow road
• ✓Give right-of-way to a loaded truck coming down a steep hill
• ✓Follow the rules of the road in the Motor Vehicle Act as applied by the Industrial Roads Act

Candidates must practise the pre-trip inspection thoroughly before their test. Ensure the vehicle can pass a safety inspection with all lights working (particularly trailer brake lights and turn signals) and air brakes in good condition. Bring appropriate tools and be able to locate and explain all inspection items.

• ✓Verify all lights work, especially trailer brake lights and turn signals
• ✓Ensure the air brake system is in good condition before the test
• ✓Bring appropriate tools for the pre-trip inspection
• ✓Have someone observe your pre-trip to confirm you complete and can explain every item

Be fully familiar with the vehicle used for the road test, including its handling, turning characteristics, and gearshift operation. During the road test you will be assessed on your ability to shift gears smoothly.

• ✓Practise driving the test vehicle to know its handling and turning characteristics
• ✓Master smooth gearshift operation as it is assessed during the road test

Drive at posted speed limits and do not keep up with speeding traffic. Watch for school zones and playgrounds. Use the correct traffic lane and make proper turns as described in the guide.

• ✓Drive at posted speed limits and never match speeding traffic
• ✓Watch for and slow in school zones and playgrounds
• ✓Use the correct traffic lane and make proper turns

Make full stops at stop signs in the correct position and pull out slowly while scanning the intersection when safe. Perform a mirror check and, if possible, a shoulder check whenever changing lanes or direction. Scan intersections before proceeding even on a green light and observe carefully when backing up.

• ✓Make full stops at stop signs and stop in the correct position
• ✓Mirror check and shoulder check before changing lanes or direction
• ✓Scan intersections before proceeding even when the light is green
• ✓Observe carefully when backing up

When attending the driver licensing office, candidates must bring proper identification and applicable fees. For the knowledge test you need primary and secondary identification, your current licence, and fees for the knowledge test plus any outstanding debt. For the road test you additionally need a safe vehicle acceptable for the licence class with registration and insurance papers, plate numbers written down, road test and photo licence fees, and glasses or contacts if required.

• ✓Bring primary and secondary identification, current licence, and required fees to all tests
• ✓For the road test, provide a safe, acceptable vehicle with valid registration and insurance for the class applied for
• ✓Bring glasses or contact lenses if you require them to drive

Timing matters when attending for tests. Arrive at least one hour before the office closes to take a knowledge test, and at least 15 minutes before your scheduled road test appointment. All road tests are by appointment only and must be booked ahead. If you cannot keep an appointment, you must notify ICBC. A fee is charged if you do not show up and fail to provide either 48 hours notice or a valid reason.

• ✓Arrive at least one hour before closing for a knowledge test
• ✓Arrive at least 15 minutes before a road test appointment
• ✓Provide at least 48 hours notice or a valid reason to avoid a no-show fee

The study chart directs candidates to the chapters needed for their specific licence or endorsement. Class 1 applicants must study all indicated chapters and take a knowledge test covering all air brake material for that class — they do not need the separate single-unit air brake test. Industrial air brake endorsement (Code 18/19) applicants do not take a knowledge test but should study indicated chapters to prepare for the pre-trip inspection test.

• ✓Class 1 knowledge test includes all air brake knowledge material for that class
• ✓Industrial air brake Code 18 requires studying the same chapters as single-unit air brake plus chapter 12
• ✓Industrial air brake endorsement applicants are not required to complete a knowledge test

Progressive shifting is recommended for many new vehicles with high-torque engines. The r.p.m. at which you shift becomes higher as you select higher gears. A tachometer helps determine when to shift. Smart driving techniques like progressive shifting save fuel.

• ✓Shift r.p.m. increases as you move into higher gears (e.g. 1,200 r.p.m. first-to-second, 1,350 r.p.m. fifth-to-sixth)
• ✓Use a tachometer to determine shift points
• ✓Refer to the vehicle manufacturer's guide for the best shifting method

For upshifting a gasoline-powered engine: start in low gear using only enough throttle to move; quickly shift to the next gear as the engine accelerates; allow the engine to develop more power before each shift as speed increases; engage the clutch smoothly while engaging throttle to avoid shock on drive train.

• ✓Start in low gear using only enough throttle to move the vehicle
• ✓Shift to higher gears as soon as you have the power
• ✓Engage the clutch smoothly and apply throttle simultaneously to avoid drive train shock

A governor controls fuel to the engine and regulates engine speed, allowing you to start on level ground and grades without using the throttle. Always squeeze the throttle rather than stab at it for smooth acceleration. If you need throttle to move off a loaded vehicle with a diesel engine, you should be in a lower gear.

• ✓Squeeze the throttle rather than stabbing/jabbing for smooth operation
• ✓Use only enough power to shift into the next gear
• ✓If throttle is needed to move a loaded diesel, use a lower gear
• ✓Engage the clutch smoothly to avoid shocking the drive train, load or passengers

Before entering a curve, slow to a safe speed and downshift to a gear that lets you use engine power throughout the curve. This keeps the vehicle stable and provides good acceleration when leaving the curve.

• ✓Slow to a safe speed before entering a curve
• ✓Downshift to a gear that provides engine power through the entire curve

• A. The driver must stop driving immediately and cannot drive until 70-hour cycle resets. ✓ Answer
• B. The driver may drive up to 2 more hours if the trip started before reaching 70 hours.
• C. The driver must not drive once on-duty time reaches 70 hours until at least 24 consecutive hours off-duty are taken.
• D. The driver may drive an additional 8 hours if a co-driver is present in the sleeper berth.

• A. One tiedown, provided it passes over the centre of the load.
• B. Two tiedowns are required for any cargo regardless of length or weight.
• C. Three tiedowns, since the cargo exceeds 3 metres in length. ✓ Answer
• D. Four tiedowns, one for each corner of the cargo.

• A. 10 hours
• B. 11 hours
• C. 12 hours
• D. 13 hours ✓ Answer

• A. The carrier's insurance certificate listing dangerous goods coverage.
• B. A Transport Canada shipping permit for each dangerous good being carried.
• C. A shipping document (bill of lading) containing the required dangerous goods information. ✓ Answer
• D. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for every product on the trailer.

• A. 39,500 kg
• B. 46,500 kg ✓ Answer
• C. 53,500 kg
• D. 63,500 kg

• A. Defer no more than 2 hours of off-duty time, take at least 20 hours off duty in total over the two days, and drive no more than 26 hours in total over the two days ✓ Answer
• B. Defer no more than 3 hours of off-duty time, take at least 16 hours off duty in total over the two days, and drive no more than 28 hours in total over the two days
• C. Defer no more than 2 hours of off-duty time, take at least 24 hours off duty in total over the two days, and drive no more than 22 hours in total over the two days
• D. Defer no more than 4 hours of off-duty time, take at least 20 hours off duty in total over the two days, and drive no more than 26 hours in total over the two days