PSW · Nursing Care Study Guide · Part 4 · Chapters 24–30

VLO 8: Assist clients across the lifespan with activities of daily living +6PSW · Nursing Care · English

40 topics · Updated 2026-09-17

24.VLO 8: Assist clients across the lifespan with activities of daily living

📌

Support clients' right to make personal care choices

personalcare

Covers identifying and supporting clients' right to make choices in directing their own personal care.

Key Rules
  • Assist in supporting client's rights to safety, dignity, autonomy, respect, privacy and confidentiality in personal care
📌

Respect preferences, pace and space in daily living

personalcare

Covers respecting each client's personal and cultural preferences, level of independence, pace and space during routine activities of daily living.

Key Rules
  • Report and document if additional time is needed for clients' needs
  • Advocate and encourage clients to identify preferences
  • Encourage clients to share comfort level so approach can be adjusted
📌

Assist with ADLs applying knowledge of body function

health

Covers assisting with routine activities of daily living by applying knowledge of physical and mental health conditions, body function, normal aging and alterations in functioning.

Key Rules
  • Apply knowledge of normal growth and development for clients of diverse ages
  • Apply knowledge of the basic structure and function of all human body systems including musculoskeletal, digestive, urinary, integumentary, reproductive, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, endocrine and sensory systems and their age related changes
📌

Apply disease prevention and restorative care concepts

health

Covers using concepts of disease prevention, health promotion, convalescence, rehabilitation and restorative care to support maximum functional independence.

Key Rules
  • Discuss basic concepts of disease prevention, health promotion and maintenance
  • Apply concepts of convalescence, rehabilitative and restorative care including physical, occupational, recreational and speech therapy
  • Discuss the concept of respite care
  • Identify barriers to clients' functioning
  • Recognize factors influencing behaviour of clients needing ADL assistance
  • Assist clients to maximize ability and minimize risk of harm
📌

Use nutritional support techniques specific to needs

personalcare

Covers using nutritional support techniques specific to clients' needs and conditions per plan of care and applicable legislation.

Key Rules
  • Identify legislation related to feeding and nutritional support techniques
  • Assist with safe eating practices recognizing chewing or swallowing difficulty
  • Support dining as a social activity
  • Measure and record daily intake and output if requested
  • Identify enteral feeding methods, equipment, safety measures and complications
  • Identify common intravenous sites, equipment, safety measures and complications and report
📌

Provide hygiene and grooming assistance

personalcare

Covers providing hygiene and grooming assistance per plan of care, applicable legislation and client needs and preferences.

Key Rules
  • Identify legislation related to grooming and hygiene
  • Complete perineal and menstrual care, skin care, bathing, mouth care, nail care, hair care, shaving, dressing, care of hearing aids and dentures within the PSW scope
📌

Assist with bowel and bladder continence measures

personalcare

Covers assisting with measures to enhance bowel and bladder continence following the plan of care, employer protocols and legislation.

Key Rules
  • Use strategies to support continence and independence such as changing an adult brief
  • Assist clients in using a bedpan and dispose of contents
  • Apply an external catheter using appropriate technique
  • Empty urinary drainage bag of permanent catheter using clean technique
  • Perform perineal care for clients with and without indwelling catheter
  • Empty and change an ostomy bag per plan of care
  • Collect urine and specimens using clean technique
  • Measure and record intake and output
📌

Use body mechanics to position, transfer and move clients

bodymechanics

Covers using proper body mechanics, assistive devices and techniques to safely position, transfer, move and ambulate clients.

Key Rules
  • Differentiate between weight bearing, non-weight bearing, lifting and transferring
  • Assist with ambulation and range of motion exercises
  • Promote proper positioning and repositioning in bed and chair
  • Assist clients to move using appropriate transfer techniques and equipment
  • Provide for clients' and workers' safety during transfers
  • Identify and report changes in transfer ability requiring reassessment

25.VLO 9: Assist the Client with Medication

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Assist with Medication in Compliance with Legislation

health

Assisting clients with medication in compliance with applicable legislation, agency policies and the PSW role.

Key Rules
  • Describe the ongoing role of the regulated health professional in monitoring medication therapy outcomes
  • Assist with medications in accordance with the Regulated Health Professions Act 1991, restrictions under the Long-Term Care Homes Act 2007 and Retirement Homes Act 2010, and the College of Nurses of Ontario Practice Guideline on Working With Unregulated Care Providers
  • Describe the basic classifications of medications and expected outcomes
  • Identify employer policies as a source of guidance
  • Identify and use the ISMP List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols and Dose Designations
📌

Provide Assistance with Various Medication Routes

health

Following the plan of care and legislation when providing assistance with oral, rectal, ear, eye, nose, topical, inhalation and subcutaneous medications.

Key Rules
  • Read, comprehend and follow medication label information
  • Assist with medication by adhering to safe medication practices in the care plan
  • Apply correct techniques including basic math calculations and conversions
  • Store medications safely as directed by the appropriate team member
📌

Report and Record Medication Responses

health

Reporting and recording observations of client's responses while providing assistance with medications per policy and legislation.

Key Rules
  • Identify changes in the client's behaviours and/or condition as a result of medication assistance and report to registered staff or most accountable person
  • Document medication assistance such as medication administration record (MAR) and progress note
📌

Seek Resources to Clarify Medication Assistance

health

Identifying and seeking out resources including supervisor and registered staff to discuss or clarify assistance with medication.

Key Rules
  • Describe the roles of other health professionals related to safe medication administration
  • Recognize that medication can impact the client's wellbeing and the obligation to report changes in status

26.VLO 9: Assist the client with medication

📌

Assist with medication in compliance with legislation

health

Covers assisting clients with medication in compliance with applicable legislation, agency policies and the PSW role.

Key Rules
  • Describe the ongoing role of the regulated health professional in monitoring medication therapy
  • Assist with medications per legislation including controlled acts under the Regulated Health Professions Act 1991 and restrictions under the Long-Term Care Homes Act 2007 and Retirement Homes Act 2010
  • Describe basic classifications of medications and expected outcomes
  • Identify employer policies as guidance for assisting with medication
  • Use the ISMP List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols and Dose Designations
📌

Follow plan of care for various medication routes

health

Covers following directions in the plan of care and legislation when assisting with oral, rectal, ear, eye, nose, topical, inhalation and subcutaneous medications.

Key Rules
  • Read, comprehend and follow medication label information
  • Assist with medication adhering to safe medication practices
  • Apply correct techniques including basic math calculations and conversions
  • Store medications safely as directed by the interprofessional team
📌

Report and record observations of client responses

health

Covers reporting and recording observations of client's responses while assisting with medications per policy and legislation.

Key Rules
  • Identify changes in client's behaviours or condition and report to registered staff or most accountable person
  • Document medication assistance such as MAR or progress note
📌

Seek out resources to clarify medication assistance

health

Covers identifying and seeking out resources including supervisor and registered staff to discuss or clarify assistance with medication.

Key Rules
  • Describe roles of other health professionals related to safe medication administration
  • Recognize medication's impact on client wellbeing and the obligation to report changes in status

27.VLO 10: Assist with Household Management and Instrumental ADLs

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Provide Household Management Services

personalcare

Providing household management services that promote clients' health, independence, safety and comfort.

Key Rules
  • Identify household management services that assist clients to maintain health, independence, safety and comfort
  • Report and document faulty equipment and client's responses to services
📌

Respect Client Preferences in Household Services

personalcare

Respecting client preferences and supporting client involvement in household activities based on their wishes and plan of care.

Key Rules
  • Identify clients' short and long-term goals and level of involvement
  • Use organizational and time management skills when implementing client-directed goals
  • Assist clients and families to plan services to meet ongoing needs
💬

Communicate Needs to Update Plan of Care

communication

Contributing to the plan of care by communicating clients' needs and preferences to the interprofessional team.

Key Rules
  • Provide information to appropriate team members to develop and/or update the plan of care per employer policies
📌

Safely Handle Household Equipment

personalcare

Performing household management services while safely handling standard household equipment as directed by the plan of care.

Key Rules
  • Safely operate and care for standard household equipment in a variety of care settings
  • Follow manufacturer's guidelines for equipment, appliances and product use and disposal
  • Follow employers' policies relevant to use of equipment and products
📌

Use Correct Body Mechanics in Household Services

bodymechanics

Using correct body mechanics in the provision of household management services.

Key Rules
  • Identify and apply principles of correct body mechanics
📌

Follow Infection Control in Household Services

infection

Following standard precautions and infection prevention and control measures in the provision of household management services.

Key Rules
  • Select and use standard precautions to minimize pathogens in the safe handling of food, equipment and work area
📌

Assist with Food-Shopping List Preparation

personalcare

Assisting clients and families to prepare a food-shopping list that respects cultural and dietary preferences, informed by Canada's Food Guide and the plan of care.

Key Rules
  • Discuss meal plans considering Canada's Food Guide, clients' budget, culture, dietary preferences and special requirements
📌

Assist Clients with Shopping

personalcare

Assisting clients and/or families with shopping while respecting their preferences.

Key Rules
  • Assist clients with shopping without taking excess control, respecting preferences for time and location
  • Shop for clients in accordance with their wishes
  • Handle money safely, ethically and per employer guidelines while maintaining records
📌

Prepare Meals per Plan of Care

personalcare

Preparing meals in accordance with the plan of care considering directions, cultural practices, preferences, allergies and facilities.

Key Rules
  • Discuss the importance of a healthy diet
  • Prepare a nutritious well-balanced menu informed by Canada's Food Guide
  • Interpret unit pricing, grade, ingredient and date labels
  • Store and handle food safely following food handling regulations
  • Follow a recipe and make common ingredient substitutions
  • Serve food appealingly with regard to presentation, temperature and portion
  • Adapt meal preparation to special dietary needs
  • Operate meal preparation equipment safely
  • Report to supervisor if food is unavailable or budget insufficient

28.VLO 10: Assist with household management and instrumental ADLs

📌

Provide household management services promoting health

personalcare

Covers providing household management services that promote clients' health, independence, safety and comfort.

Key Rules
  • Identify household management services that assist clients
  • Report and document faulty equipment and client's responses to services
📌

Respect client preferences in household services

personalcare

Covers respecting client's preferences and supporting involvement in household activities per plan of care.

Key Rules
  • Identify clients' short and long-term goals for household management
  • Use organizational and time management skills for client-directed goals
  • Assist clients and families to plan household services to meet ongoing needs
💬

Contribute to plan of care by communicating needs

communication

Covers contributing to the plan of care by communicating clients' needs and preferences to the interprofessional team.

Key Rules
  • Provide information to team members to develop or update the plan of care
📌

Safely handle standard household equipment

personalcare

Covers performing household management services while safely handling standard household equipment where directed by the plan of care.

Key Rules
  • Safely operate and care for standard household equipment
  • Follow manufacturer's guidelines and notify appropriate person of malfunction
  • Follow employer policies for equipment, product use and disposal
📌

Use correct body mechanics in household services

bodymechanics

Covers using correct body mechanics in the provision of household management services.

Key Rules
  • Identify and apply principles of correct body mechanics
📌

Follow infection control in household services

infection

Covers following standard precautions and infection prevention and control measures in household management services.

Key Rules
  • Select and use standard precautions to minimize pathogens in safe handling of food, equipment and work area
📌

Assist with preparing a food-shopping list

personalcare

Covers assisting clients, families and significant others to prepare a food-shopping list respecting cultural and dietary preferences informed by Canada's Food Guide.

Key Rules
  • Discuss meal plans considering Canada's Food Guide, budget, culture, dietary preferences and special requirements
📌

Assist clients and families with shopping

personalcare

Covers assisting clients and families with shopping while respecting preferences and handling money appropriately.

Key Rules
  • Assist clients with shopping without taking excess control
  • Shop for clients in accordance with their wishes
  • Handle money safely, ethically and per employer guidelines, maintaining records
📌

Prepare meals in accordance with the plan of care

personalcare

Covers preparing meals considering clients' directions, cultural practices, preferences, allergies and available facilities.

Key Rules
  • Discuss the importance of a healthy diet
  • Prepare a nutritious balanced menu informed by Canada's Food Guide
  • Interpret unit pricing, grade, ingredient and date labels
  • Store and handle food safely following regulations
  • Follow a recipe and make common substitutions
  • Serve food appealingly regarding presentation, temperature and portion
  • Adapt preparation for special dietary needs
  • Operate meal preparation equipment safely
  • Report to supervisor if food is unavailable or budget insufficient

29.VLO 11: Assist and Support Clients Who Are Caregivers

📌

Respect Individual's Definition of Family

familygrowth

Identifying and respecting the individual's definition of family structure and identity.

Key Rules
  • Identify and describe diverse family structures and dynamics within contemporary families
  • Identify and discuss diverse cultural norms and patterns within families
  • Identify and discuss traditional and non-traditional healing practices within families
📌

Respect Roles, Rights and Responsibilities of Families

familygrowth

Identifying and respecting the roles, rights and responsibilities of individuals, families and their significant others.

Key Rules
  • Identify the role(s) of family and friends and their significance to clients
  • Reflect on personal biases about the role of friends and family
  • Reflect on factors affecting acceptance of support and respond within the PSW role
  • Reflect on and work within the PSW role to maintain professional boundaries
📌

Identify Effect of PSW Presence on Families

familygrowth

Identifying the effect the PSW's presence can have on families, taking steps to prevent or minimize negative impact and reporting to the team.

30.VLO 11: Assist and support clients who are caregivers

📌

Respect the individual's definition of family structure

familygrowth

Covers identifying and respecting the individual's definition of family structure and identity.

Key Rules
  • Identify and describe diverse family structures and dynamics
  • Discuss diverse cultural norms and patterns within contemporary families
  • Discuss traditional and non-traditional healing practices within families
📌

Respect roles, rights and responsibilities of families

familygrowth

Covers identifying and respecting the roles, rights and responsibilities of individuals, families and their significant others.

Key Rules
  • Identify the role(s) of family and friends and their significance to clients
  • Reflect on personal biases about the role of friends and family
  • Reflect on factors affecting acceptance of support and respond within the PSW role
  • Reflect on and maintain professional boundaries with client and family
📌

Identify effect of PSW presence on families

familygrowth

Covers identifying the effect the PSW's presence can have on families, taking steps to minimize negative impact and reporting to the team.

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All chapters

← Back to the PSW study guide 1. VLO 1: Work Within the Personal Support Worker Role +72. VLO 3: Practice as an Engaged Interprofessional Team Member +53. Essential Employability Skills +8

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